In 2005, Northwestern professor Jeffery Jenkins wrote a paper on the history of contested elections in the Senate, and he found:
Of the 132 contested election cases, the contestee has emerged victorious in ninety-three cases (or 70.5 percent), the contestant has won two cases (or 1.5 percent), and the seat has been vacated in thirty-seven cases (28 percent). Thus, in just over two of every three cases, the contestee has retained his seat.
