The problem Wal-Mart is facing isn't a result of pressure from
Wal-Mart opponents (although that may be a small factor), but as a
result of competitors using effective strategies to counter
Wal-Mart. Many consumers, for instance, would be more comfortable
buying their electronics at Best Buy. K-Mart went bankrupt because
it tried to compete with Wal-Mart on price. Target, realizing that
it couldn't compete with Wal-Mart on price, has done a good job
marketing itself as a trendier, higher quality alternative to
Wal-Mart. The gaffe that you point to, Paul, of Wal-Mart entering
designer women's clothing, could be attributed to Wal-Mart trying
to close the "trendiness gap" with Target. Another issue for
Wal-Mart is saturation--they now have nearly 4,000 stores in the
U.S., so, urban areas are one of the few areas left to grow. To the
extent that they try to appeal to urban consumers, they risk
alienating their suburban and rural "base" by introducing things
like designer jeans.