The American Spectator

home
ADVERTISEMENT
Print Email
Text Size

Books in Review

Second Thoughts on Immigration

Christopher Caldwell on immigration, Islam, and a continent's demographic transformation.

Reflections on the Revolution in Europe: Immigration, Islam, and the West
By Christopher Caldwell
(Doubleday, 422 pages, $30)

Reviewing Patrick Buchanan's The Death of the West in the New York Times, Christopher Caldwell was skeptical of the "demographic alarum" Buchanan raised for the United States and Europe. "Western leaders," Caldwell wrote, "in fact, are self-confident as never before -- and the central pillar of that self-confidence is their belief that, to some extent, all cultures are becoming Western ones."

In his own book about "immigration, Islam, and the West" seven years later, Caldwell seems less sure that this is the case. Its title adapted from Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in Europe is instead deeply skeptical of that continent's demographic transformation. Caldwell argues that "Western Europe became a multiethnic society in a fit of absence of mind." He asks "whether you can have the same Europe with different people" and determines "the answer is no." He even questions whether anything can be done about it: "When an insecure, malleable, relativistic culture meets a culture that is anchored, confident and strengthened by common doctrines, it is generally the former that changes to suit the latter."

Caldwell's book is actually stronger because of his apparent change of mind. A writer for the Financial Times, Weekly Standard, and New York Times Magazine (and former TAS staffer), he is immigrant-friendly and a cultural optimist by temperament. When he concludes early in the book that former British Conservative leader Enoch Powell was factually right about immigration's consequences for his country "beyond any shadow of a doubt," Caldwell clearly wishes it were otherwise. And even while defending the substance of Powell's remarks, Caldwell nevertheless contends "his speech can be defended against charges of bigotry only by splitting hairs." He is left to conclude: "Morally, Powell was not right."

This tension is what makes a responsible immigration debate so difficult: the issue lends itself well to demagoguery and ethnic rabble-rousing, while even judicious and nuanced criticisms of mass immigration from Third World countries can easily sound like bigotry to sensitive ears. "To confess misgivings about immigration was to confess racist inclinations," Caldwell writes of the elite consensus view. So most fair-minded people just shut up, leaving "extremist parties that sow hatred" to tap into popular concerns.

What are those concerns? After World War II, the major Western European countries attempted to pad their stagnant labor forces by opening the door to an unprecedented number of foreign workers, most of them Muslims. Their families and villages followed until the Muslim population swelled from tiny numbers in 1950 to as many as 17 million by 2000. There are now at least 5 million Muslims in France, 4 million in Germany, and 2 million in Great Britain. By the middle of this century, the foreign-born population could reach one-third in most European countries.

Almost every official prediction about this new wave of Muslim immigrants proved false. Caldwell lays them out in detail:

Immigrants would be few in number. Since they were coming to fill short-term gaps in the labor force, most would stay in Europe only temporarily. Some might stay longer. No one assumed they would ever be eligible for welfare. That they would retain the habits and cultures of southern villages, clans, market-places and mosques was a thought too bizarre to entertain.

Yet the bizarre happened. To illustrate that this is immigration is not solely a product of the European labor shortage, Caldwell points out that the total number of immigrants living in Germany more than doubled from 3 million to 7.5 million between 1971 and 2000 while the number of immigrants in the work-force held steady at 2 million. Two-thirds of French imams are receiving some kind of welfare. Europe now takes in 1.7 million immigrants a year, more than the United States, and they are overwhelmingly Muslim.

This was too much too fast for countries whose governments had no idea how to try to integrate the newcomers into their societies. The new immigrants didn't seem especially eager to assimilate and their guilt-addled hosts didn't give them much of anything to assimilate to. The workers improved their living standards compared to home -- so Europe remained a draw but remained poor compared to the native population, a source of social friction. Moreover, the values of Western Europe -- feminism, egalitarianism, secularism, and tolerance for homosexuals -- are generally not the values of the Muslim immigrants, to put it mildly.

Negative consequences have included crime, riots, increased ethnic hostility, and social un-rest. The experiment has also tested the contradictions of multiculturalism, as tolerance for one minority group has made life more difficult for others. According to Caldwell, 62 percent of hate crimes in France are perpetrated against Jews. Pim Fortuyn, a leading critic of Muslim immigration in the Netherlands before he was assassinated, was a gay man motivated at least in part by his desire to preserve his country's loose sexual attitudes.

Predictably, none of this is very popular with the native-born. Caldwell reports that 57 percent of voters in the European Union oppose further immigration. That figure is even higher in individual European countries. "If Europe is getting more immigrants than its voters want," Caldwell contends, "this is a good indication its democracy is malfunctioning."

Reflections on the Revolution in Europe is not a generic anti-immigration polemic, however. Caldwell's criticisms are confined to the immigration dimensions of the Samuel Huntington-style "clash of civilizations" between the historic peoples of Europe and the Muslim newcomers. In fact, he explicitly disavows any restrictionist implications of his argument for the United States. The distinction is far from arbitrary -- the United States is much better at absorbing immigrants than Europe and Hispanic immigrants are much more like the native-born population than are West Africans in Paris -- but it won't reassure anyone familiar with the ominous similarities between how the U.S. and Europe stumbled into their current immigration policies.

But if Caldwell still takes strong exception to Buchanan's cultural pessimism for the United States, he doesn't sound very hopeful as he raises the "demographic alarum" for Europe. Few of the political parties willing to confront Muslim immigration or require newcomers to assimilate are seriously capable of governing. Some of them have fascistic roots. Those who can put together national governing majorities are too often paralyzed by political correctness. "Europeans," he writes, "are confused about whether they are citizens of the world or citizens of their own nations."

"Mass immigration into Europe and the consolidation of Islam there are changing European life permanently," Caldwell concludes. A bit later, he writes, "It is far less certain that Islam will prove assimilable." He muses uneasily about "the ambiguity of a Europe rueful about the legacy of immigration and disinclined (or too weak) to make a fuss about it." That's a long way from possessing the self-confidence that comes with knowing "all cultures are becoming Western ones."

In fact, the essence of the problem is that two populations are living uncomfortably side by side, with one confident in its identity and the other timid. It is the Westerners who don't know who they are, an attitudinal disadvantage as high non-Western immigration and birth rates change the continent's demographic picture. Caldwell, who appears to believe coping half-measures are destined to fail, doesn't provide much in the way of workable solutions. But his well-reported, carefully argued book does help readers understand the problems facing Old Europe.

topics:
Immigration

About the Author

W. James Antle, III is associate editor of The American Spectator. You can follow him on Twitter at http://Twitter.com/Jimantle.

Letter to the Editor View all comments (46) | Leave a comment

Pingback| 10.6.09 @ 7:14AM

Twitter Trackbacks for The American Spectator : Second Thoughts on Immigration [spec links to this page. Here’s an excerpt:

…Philip Klein amspec American Spectator 112 Show more Shortened Links Linking to the spectator.org page http://bit.ly/4EwgGj info http://bit.ly/4nBlnU info   2 tweets Tweet The American Spectator : Second Thoughts on Immigration spectator.org/archives/2009/10/06/second-thoughts-on-immigration – view page – cached Reflections on the Revolution in Europe: Immigration, Islam, and the West By…

S.L. Toddard| 10.6.09 @ 9:16AM

"If Europe is getting more immigrants than its voters want," Caldwell contends, "this is a good indication its democracy is malfunctioning."

Indeed. Substitute "the U.S." for "Europe" and the statement is no less self-evidently true. In the decade-plus the GOP controlled Congress and the eight years they had the presidency they actively maintained an open-borders policy with Mexico, refusing to seal the border, ergo the restoration of the GOP to power is *not* the answer. The answer is the restoration of Conservatism in the GOP. And the only way to effect that is to withhold votes from the GOP unless they run true Conservatives who favor patriotic immigration reform. We must first seal the border and then restructure our immigration policy to favor Anglosphere nations first.

Alan Brooks| 10.6.09 @ 5:44PM

For once you make sense; this is far better than your attack on Bowman. Being so humorless, you couldn't quite get it that Bowman's piece on Michael Moore was mostly to entertain.

Alan Brooks| 10.18.09 @ 11:00PM

Ironically, Buchanan doesn't know that if Hitler had won in Europe, Islam would have had freer rein-- with incalculable results.... an ailing Hitler and his successor would have had their hands full with Russia and America.
Buchanan is the most brilliant idiot we have.

Or dumbed-down genius perhaps?

Alan Brooks| 10.18.09 @ 11:06PM

How many troops would Hitler have needed to garrison the conquered Soviet Union?
What would the Islamic peoples of the conquered Soviet Union have done?

S.L. Toddard| 10.6.09 @ 9:30AM

"Europeans," he writes, "are confused about whether they are citizens of the world or citizens of their own nations."

Or something in between - citizens of the E.U.

Jeannine| 10.6.09 @ 9:38AM

Mr Antle, nice description of the book. I probably will read it. Regarding Mr Caldwell not having answers, that's OK. I wouldn't expect journalists to have answers, just report the events accurately.

Here's a peak of a possible answer to this European problem: There is a very slight uptick on the number of Catholic religious vocations in Europe including men & women embracing monastic life. If I'm not mistaken it was the monks along w/the Catholic Church that preserved western tradition during the barbaric invasions of the Roman empire & during the "Dark Ages." If they did it once, they certainly can do it again.

james wilson| 10.6.09 @ 11:58AM

Buckley is only the latest example of the intellectualiod finally seeing what the cab driver told him seven years ago.
This is not the type of man who can be trusted by a trowel and a pile of bricks.

Derek Leaberry| 10.6.09 @ 12:29PM

After all the venom spat his way by the Wall Street Journal types and the neo-conservatives, it is grand to see Pat Buchanan vindicated and Christopher Caldwell has learned the truth about Third World immigration. Sadly, John McCain, his sweetheart Lindsey Graham, the Wall Street Journal and the Chamber of Commerce still plan on betraying conservatives by aiding President Obama in another amnesty deal which will lock conservatives and Republicans out of power until probably doomsday itself.

fundamentalist| 10.6.09 @ 12:37PM

Muslim immigration into the US isn't near the problem it is in Europe because we have a lot of missionary work going on to convert muslims to Christianity and it is working quite well. In fact, we're seeing huge numbers of muslims coming to Christ throughout the muslim world. Europe, on the other hand, encourges muslims to remain muslim.

Alan Brooks| 10.7.09 @ 11:54PM

Good point. Muslims ought to be converted.
Christ said to forgive our enemies; where in the Quran does Allah, Muhammad, etc, say to forgive enemies?

davelnaf| 10.6.09 @ 2:02PM

Recently, we were told that the US lost some 65,000 construction jobs during the slowdown. When the economy comes back the mostly illegal alien workers who had those jobs will once again have them and be sending money back to Mexico and Central America.

As for Europe it has already committed demographic suicide, but it will be a while yet before the overdose of Islam takes its full effect. Granted that most of the Muslims there are peaceful the ones who are not will only grow in number. At some point they will be the engine behind a ‘seemingly’ peaceful demand for a rough cultural parity with Europeans, but in many respects these demands will have the characteristics of cultural fascism. One example might be a demand that ‘underutilized’ churches be turned into mosques, and considering the fact that churches in Muslim conquered areas of the Middle East and elsewhere were often converted into mosques this does not seem so farfetched. And it is not so farfetched to believe that some Europeans might agree with them.

Joe| 10.9.09 @ 3:22PM

"Granted that most moslems are peaceful"....
Sure, and prior to and during WW2, most Nazis and German Speaking people were peaceful also.
The question is: Did they commit to support forces that destroy all others?
Hitler and his followers: YES, ditto for mohamed.
Everyone wants peace. There is always an agressive young male population everywhere. However, in izlam it is an overwhelmingly evil force.

scott| 10.6.09 @ 2:46PM

Europe is the most aging native population in the world (those cosmopolitans aren't having kids, blah, blah,..). So, God forbid, civil war, erupting in a decade or two, would have only about half of, say, France's native population effectively a defense against it (assuming it is not native French starting civil war--the rise of fascist parties all over Europe give one pause). The average Muslim's age is in the 20's I'm pretty sure, the average native Euro probably double that. Fighting youth vs. fighting youth is becoming more of an even match as time passes (thank Mark Steyn and other "racists" for this info).

My desire to reconcile all this leads me to think it won't come to civil war. The intentional (I'm convinced no matter who says what) agreement between Euro and US govt's to keep immigration to the US frustratingly difficult will be lifted, and the gradual evacuation of Europe will increase.

Just be sure to take all that glorious art with you Europe. I simply won't forgive you if you don't.

Sometimes I fantasize if some Europeans would welcome Russia or China taking over. Clearly there's not much flinching over sharia law over there.

Red Phillips| 10.6.09 @ 3:58PM

fundamentalist, on what do you base your statement that efforts to convert Muslims are "working quite well?" And wishful thinking and anecdote do not count.

Demographic transformation is such an obvious issue, but no one wants to address it for fear they will be called a racist. And shamefully, it is not just liberals who will call you that. It is “respectable” “conservatives” as well. Our elites are importing a new class of citizen and displacing the founding stock. Nothing could be more revolutionary and transformative than that, and nothing could be more conservative than resisting it. These people owe Pat Buchanan, Peter Brimlow, Sam Francis and many others an apology.

Jeannine| 10.6.09 @ 5:42PM

I too have heard of the Muslim conversions to Christianity, however at this point it's just anecdotal. And it has to be. Think of that Indonesian teenage girl fighting for her right to stay in Florida. Death probably waits for her in Ohio. I even heard of some Muslims in Saudi Arabia converting to Christianity. I can't imagine ever getting an accurate counting until Islam changes its tune towards apostates.

Margie| 10.7.09 @ 6:46PM

Jeannine,
Check out persecution.com's website. They have been actively working converting Muslim's and Communists to Christ for decades. It's founder, the late Rev. Richard Wurmbrand, a converted Jew, spent 14 years in Communist prisons in the 40's, and spent the rest of his life working for the underground church in many Lands. I think you will appreciate their work.

Pingback| 10.6.09 @ 8:58PM

The American Spectator : Second Thoughts on Immigration | IMMIGRATION WISH links to this page. Here’s an excerpt:

…Caldwell concludes. A bit later, he writes, “It is far less certain that Islam will prove assimilable.” He muses uneasily about … Read the rest here:  The American Spectator : Second Thoughts on Immigration Filed under europe immigration · Tagged with bit-later, caldwell, consolidation, european, far-less, islam, will-prove Speak Your Mind Tell us what you're thinking... and…

The Quadfather| 10.7.09 @ 2:06AM

S.L. Toddard writes (paraphrasing) that the only way to restore conservatism is to with hold votes from the GOP until they run conservatives. While I agree that the GOP needs to be more conservative, we cannot withstand these Demoncrats much longer. Sooner or later they'll get some of this crap passed, and Obama will gladly sign it. The longer they are in, the more they will get passed. Withhold votes from the GOP? You might as well order your red flag with the hammer and sickle now. It's already flown at the Whitehouse. One of the problems is that the presidential primaries were held in the liberal north first. By the time it got to the south and the midwest, most of the true conservatives were winnowed out. Then it came down to Huckabee and Mc Cain with the horrible Mc Cain winning the primary. He was the worst candidate. How did he win? If the GOP wants conservatism, then the GOP will have to vote conservative rather than voting for whoever they think can beat the democrats. If there's one rino and three conservatives running in one race, then the conservatives need to get together and decide which two will bow out so the conservative vote will not be diluted. The GOP must offer something that the great silent majority want to get them to the polls. The majority has been talking, is anyone in the GOP listening?

Margie| 10.7.09 @ 6:33PM

QuafFather~Toddard isn't FOR the GOP. That may clear some things up for you. He or she is a Libertarian, which means Liberal. As to your post I amw ith you. The Democrats and Liberal Leftists keep spouting that the GOP is dead. They know what they're doing, as I said in another post. Sadly, many conservatives are leaving the Republican Party and going to a "Third Party", which in effect gives their vote to the Democrat Party. So instead of jumping ship we ought to be fighting for the GOP, staying in it, and backing and voting for conservatives. Sarah Palin is hated by the RINO'S, yet she is a clear example of what we real conservatives want. The haughty RINO's will continue to destroy the GOP as long as they continue trying to snuff us out. I appreviated your post very much.

Tyrone| 10.7.09 @ 6:45AM

I live in Germany. In my village of 750 nestled near the Black forest we have no Muslims yet. In the next village over there are a few. Two villages over you have more and some of the women wear full black burkhas, covered from head to toe.

There are one or two who Nordic walk as a group and I see them in the morning going to work. The women with the burkhas go too. Even the traditional societies want to live as we do. So far no problems and the vast majority of muslims are ok, live their lives, assimilate as much as necessary and remain invisible. There are also Turkish women who dress as westerners and are indistinguishable from native Europeans. Most of them keep a low profile. So far in Germany, there is little pressure to change the law to suit Islam. One issue was a push to change meat regulations to allow for Halal butchering to be allowed, but that is not a controversy here. The key is creating economic conditions that allow assimilation. That is the real problem in Europe. There is far more stagnant labor market. then there are reactions from the native populations. Native Germans are starting to have more children for instance. If things go south in a bad way from from where they are today, I predict Europe will one day wake up, see what has happened, panic, and we will have a race war or massive deportations or both. Its not like it hasn't happened here before or anything.

sam khanna| 10.7.09 @ 1:47PM

I think Tyrone has it right. I fear that the only way this can be resolved is the European majority wake up and realize the unbelievable mistakes they have made by letting the Muslim immigration reach such ridiculous heights. I fear that the only way you can resolve is through massive deportations or complete stop to any further immigrations. I cannot think of of one instance where Muslim minority has assimilated and lived well with the majority community. China, Russia, India, Europe and the US will all have insurmountable problems if this issue of Muslim populations within their nations is not addressed. It is not the people but Islam that prevents them from ever assimilating into any society other then a Muslim nation built on Islamic ideology and clearly, most nations that are facing problems are not such nations.

Margie| 10.7.09 @ 6:38PM

Typo alert~ s/b Quadfather & appreciate. :^/

Bill| 10.8.09 @ 1:59AM

A few points:

1) Pim Fortuyn was murdered by a Dutch animal rights activist, not a Muslim.

2) Right now, Muslims are a small percentage of the European population (Albania and Bosnia excepted). It is not at all clear that the Muslim population of Europe will grow at such a rate and for a sufficient period of time to change that. It could happen, but in 2004 alot of experts told us that the US had a permanent Republican majority.

3) Before World War Two, at least some immigration experts in Western Europe argued that Jews would/could never be assimilated. Clearly, Jews are now assimilated into Western Europe.

Similarly, in the US, for more than a century, various politicians, scholars, labor leaders and others warned that East Asians could/would never be assimilated into the US. As recently as World War Two, we were told that Japanese immigrants and their descendents would always constitute a fifth column in the US. Today, Americans of East Asians descent are an American success story.

If I might refer to South Asia, until recently, my parents were able to attend Mass at the Blue Chapel in Union City, New Jersey because an Indian priest came early every Sunday to say Mass.

I do not want to be a pollyanna. I believe that it is perfectly fair for Americans to oppose immigration that lowers the compensation of those already in the US (particuliarly for unskilled labor). We have obligations to those who are already here.

I also believe that it makes no sense to import cheap labor to preserve an industry that is unable to pay the wages necessary to attract indigenous labor. Why create another lumpen proletariat?

Still, Caldwell is far too pessimistic. Things change. People assimilate. From the 1880s to World War One, Italian anarchists in Paterson, New Jersey assassinated a US president and a number of foreign dignataries. Their descendents probably love Justice Scalia; support conservative Catholic values; and vote Republican.

History is much longer than a few decades. No one should ignore the problems caused by immigration, but do not assume the world is ending.

iamparrot| 10.9.09 @ 2:54PM

Bill, I disagree with your point of view- in that just because some asian and japanese communities have assimilated very well, they did not live by a doctrine that demand world domination.

Additionally regarding the possibility of muslim immigration/breeding not being a factor in the diminished indigenous population of europe, you should watch this video about muslim demographics
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v.....r_embedded

Additionally, you say that even if they do increase their numbers there is no threat to the native populations, I direct you to the "muslim saturation index" originally written by Dr. Peter Hammond, published on FrontPagemagazine.com, but the original article no longer appears to be there. I have posted the original article on my site, you can find both the video and the saturation index here:
http://iamparrot.com/?p=90

Andrew| 10.10.09 @ 8:36AM

Bill, your point 2 is clearly wrong. There are several European countries (Belgium and The Netherlands are two) where births of Muslim children now represent 50% of total births - and given Muslim birth rates far exceed non-Muslim rates, this means that when these Muslims are of child bearing age (15-30 years from now) the Muslim births will be the majority.

And also in relation to all those other groups you say assimilated - how many of them followed a political ideology dressed up as a religion that says they are superior to everyone else and calls for the killing of all non-believers? Also, how many of those groups made the sort of strident demands for laws to suit them which are being successfully made by Muslims (and lets not forget the lefties whinging on their behalf)? We have Sharia courts in Britain, a push for halal finance in many Western countries including Australia, have a look at the ingredients in food products in your local supermarket and you will find many are halal, anti-vilification laws intended to silence discussion of multiculturalism, immigration and more importantly stifle criticism of Islam.

Pingback| 10.9.09 @ 7:29PM

Hate speech laws, Muslim invasion & “Peace” prices — Winds Of Jihad By SheikYerMami links to this page. Here’s an excerpt:

…by the House could have a chilling effect on free speech and religious freedoms in the nation. “For the first time in American history we are criminalizing thought,” Read it all Second Thoughts on Immigration (American Spectator) “If Europe is getting more immigrants than its voters want,” Caldwell contends, “this is a good indication its democracy is malfunctioning.”…

Pingback| 10.11.09 @ 8:44PM

Germany — Winds Of Jihad By SheikYerMami links to this page. Here’s an excerpt:

…no productive function aside from selling fruit and vegetables.   Read More  » Novel Dropped by Intimidated Publisher about Honor Killings… Muslims form quarter of world population Second Thoughts on Immigration No TweetBacks yet. ( Be the first to Tweet this post ) Share and Enjoy: Tagged as: Afghanistan, attacks on police, ‘Abu Askar the German’, Germany Leave a Comment Name * E-mail * Website…

Pingback| 10.12.09 @ 12:16PM

Jihad Made In Germany:Bloodthirsty German Al Qaeda fanatic poses with 2ft-long knife links to this page. Here’s an excerpt:

…have no productive function aside from selling fruit and vegetables.   Read More  » Novel Dropped by Intimidated Publisher about Honor Killings… Muslims form quarter of world population Second Thoughts on Immigration   “Moderate Muslims”by sheikyermami on October 11, 2009 How the so-called moderate Muslims are part of the problem of Islamic extremism and terrorism… US Muslims are up to their old tricks:…

KarlinPhoenix| 10.28.09 @ 11:24AM

The goal of Islam is world domination. This political ideology will choke the native culture as immigrant kudzu takes over native plant life. The Cult of Death (Islam) dominates in stages and uses the "multiculturalism" movement to conduct their "Stealth Jihad" (Thank you Robert Spenser).

Look at the "peaceful" Islamics in France. They rioted and destroyed other people's property as more than a group tantrum. The attack on the host French society was a calculated attack on the population whose goal was to see what would happen (checking the pulse) and to gain clout by holding the native population/culture hostage ("do as we wish or else there will be more riots"). Of course, the French caved to the demands of the immigrant Islamics.

Muslim immigration should be stopped world-wide. Certainly, Muslim immigration to America should be stopped. Islam has one goal: Domination. Those following Islam hold the Qur'an as a higher law than our law of the land (Constitution). The Muslim Brotherhood has a long range goal of Islamification of Western Civilization and the conquering of the same.

There is not a day that goes by where we do not read about Muslims bombing women and children (the preferred targets of these cowards). The political movement that is Islam is violent at its core and has no place in America. Why do our elected employees in the Congress and the Office of the President seek to bring in more Islamics? The "culture" of these 7th Century mud-hut dwellers is murder of family members ("HONOR KILLINGS") and the cutting-off of people's heads with small knives. Why do these alien cultures want to come to America? Certainly, not to assimilate to be Americans. The Islamics come to America as part of OUR conversion to be Islamic or be dominated (or killed) by them.

Wake-up, America, Islam is not our friend.

David| 3.29.10 @ 3:12PM

Europe today, America tomorrow.

Leave a Comment

N.B. We encourage readers to share and discuss their thoughtful and relevant comments about this Spectator article. Comments are routinely monitored and will be deleted if profane, bigoted, or grossly impolite. Please be respectful. (And don't feed the trolls!) Thank you.

Related Articles

More Articles by W. James Antle, III

More Articles From Books in Review

http://spectator.org/archives/2009/10/06/second-thoughts-on-immigration
ADVERTISEMENT

Clip of the Day

ADVERTISEMENT