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The Public Policy

We're All Keynesians Again

If only Keynesians knew their own history.

(Page 2 of 2)

Furthermore, Summers's stated goal of a stimulus that is "targeted, timely, and temporary" is far from Keynes's model. Davidson explained, "Keynes was for the government spending us back to prosperity, but it wasn't this pump-priming, jump-starting kind of operation." Instead, Keynes would have the government maintain aggregate demand for as long as it took for the private sector to recover full potential. Anything else would merely increase the debt without fixing the economy.

If only Keynesians knew their own history. "Every crisis is different, the social world constantly evolves, the regulations that get imposed are great for the last crisis and useless for the next one. But the study of history does provide perspective," Caldwell explained. "[Economists'] obsessive focus on the latest theoretical twists and econometric innovations… contributes mightily to the problem."

Today's iteration of Keynesians believe that, armed with the latest technical models, they can succeed where the neo-Keynesians of the 1960s and '70s failed. That they don't know history doesn't mean they are doomed to repeat it, but their failure to understand the risks of government activism does mean they are doomed to fail.  

Page:   12

About the Author

Joseph Lawler is managing editor of The American Spectator. Follow him on twitter: @josephlawler. Email him

Letter to the Editor View all comments (22) | Leave a comment

Pingback| 4.16.09 @ 6:53AM

Interest Rates » The American Spectator : We're All Keynesians Again links to this page. Here’s an excerpt:

…monetary critique to heart and lowered interest rates to zero over the past year. Yet the downturn persists. When all else fails (or at least appears to … Read the rest of this great post here No Comments yet » RSS feed for comments on this post. TrackBack URI Leave a comment Name (required) Mail (will not be published) (required) Website XHTML:

Old Soldier| 4.16.09 @ 7:27AM

It's never worked, ever.

Indiana Alex| 4.16.09 @ 8:14AM

I guess the next failed set of economists will be called Krugmanians.

Truth Hurts| 4.16.09 @ 12:02PM

Economists teach (and Obama yesterday discussed) what they call "the paradox of thrift."

Essentially, when the economy cools, people save. Acting in rational self-interest, they make decisions that protect themselves in the short run but that endanger the overall health of the economy. People stop spending, so that means more layoffs, less consuming, less production.

In response to this, the government SPENDS. This, in Keynes's view, circulates the economies "animal spirits."

Republicans do it, Democrats do it. It is orthodox economic practice, and it works.

All of this buffoonery and all of these charges of socialism are just so much hogwash.

SLG| 4.16.09 @ 12:09PM

Cristine Romer and Tim Geithner are "centerists"? GadZooks!

pugsley| 4.16.09 @ 1:23PM

To quote Miss Daisy, 'I think I am going to spit up'.

fundamentalist| 4.16.09 @ 1:37PM

TruthHurts, There is no historical evidence that it works. In fact, the historical evidence is overwhelmingly against Keynes. The 19th century and the early 20th century contain a dozen depressions. The economy recovered rapidly from each one with no state intervention. This proves that forces within the economy have the power to reverse depressions. These include increased savings and falling prices.

The first attempt by the state to stop a depression came in 1929 and ended with the longest, deepest depression in world history. So we can be forgiven for being a little skeptical of state intervention. When applying stimuli from the state, it's impossible to separate out the effects of the stimuli and the natural ability of free markets to recover from depressions. However, the depressions from 1929 until today have generally lasted longer and gone deeper with state intervention than depressions before without state intervention.

When the US begins to recover from the current depression, socialists will claim victory, but they would be wrong. They assume their socialist schemes provided the recovery, but the willingly ignore the recuperative power of free markets.

Michele San Pietro| 4.16.09 @ 3:34PM

I am not a Keynesian and I will never be one!

ACynic| 4.18.09 @ 11:46AM

Excessive credit (leverage) fueled by cheap money invariably leads to a mis-allocation of resources , and a bursting bubble, followed by a recession or worse, a depression.
Until asset prices decrease - to a level where demand and supply equilibrate - demand will be minimal.
The error of the FDR and the FED in the 30s, in addition to allowing money supply to shrink, was their effort to maintain artificially inflated asset values; which, given the massive unemployment, caused a lack of demand and deflation.
Of course, demand initially dried up - causing massive unemployment - due to lack of credit (money), and the total shutdown of US exports due to the stupidity of Hoover/FDR/Congress; the infamous Smoot Hawley Tariff which, literally, precipitated the shut down of world trade.
WWII got the US out of the depression because TO MEET THE DEMAND - for war materiel, millions had to be hired and millions had to be drafted (removing them from the unemployment rolls.)
It is important to realize that the DEMAND for goods due to WWII , CAUSED massive hiring; it was not the massive hiring that caused the demand.
Krugman insists that WWII "proved" that pump priming can deliver a country from a recession. He has it exactly backwards. Again, it was the DEMAND for goods that preceded the hiring and reinvigoration of the economy.
Of course, not to mention that WWII forced FDR to remove his job killing, economic growth killing burdensome rules and regulations if he expected the American economy to meet the demands of war.
Saving and investment are the path to real economic growth. Keynesians insist that this is a "paradox" because if folks save and invest, it restricts demand.
Again, this is exactly backwards.
The money HAS to go somewhere !!!
Eventually, it will (it must) wind up in a bank or back in the economy somehow, unless it literally is kep in a mattress; it eventually where it must be lent or the banks will go under. Further, if folks feel confident in their "nest eggs," they will eventually spend, little by little, increasing demand and employment.
You cannot force folks to spend and thus goose demand. The govt. merely can provide temporary "jobs," but even then, it is only to a very small subset of all workers - mainly construction workers.
If "pump priming" actually worked - and it NEVER has - California today would be drowing in money. California has been pump priming for 8 years - via copius use of the credit card. According to the Keynesians, they should be suffering from full employment, too much wealth and the inablility to figure out what to do with the trillions and trillions of dollars in the state govt. vaults.
Of course, they are bankrupt.
So much for Keynesian pump priming.

The lesson of Japan is here very useful. Despite near zero interest rates, the Japanese have a pathetic domestic consumer demand and refuse to spend; even though the Japanese govt. has literally spent trillions of yen on public works projects over the last 15 years.
Why do the Japanese refuse to spend ??
My guess is that some of this is cultural but that most of it is due to the expense of buying anything in Japan - from jeans, food, cars , housing, books, gasoline, medical care (which stinks there, by the way), etc. etc., on top of which their taxes are rather onerous. So, you buy only what you really need , and nothing more.That is, the govt. can make things so expensive they literally can shut down domestic consumption.
Recently, the German govt. announced rebates if citizens purchased a new car in an effort to energize their moribund car sales. As soon as they did this, car sales took off. Prior to this, new car sales in Germany were not very good - even in good times - because cars and fuel and insurance and fees and taxes are TOO DAMN HIGH !!
Again, saving and investment are the key to economic growth and job creation; there is no paradox except in the fictional econometric models of the cargo-cult "science" of economics.
Demand can literally be shut down - and thus have higher unemployment - if govt. imposes enough onerous rules, taxes, fees, regulations, etc. to deter folks from buying much of anything.
Just look to last year when gasoline hit $4 / gallon; it is no coincidence that the onset of our present recession began at that time.
Very high energy prices translate into higher prices for food , clothing, heating, travel, electricity, everything.
It literally shuts down the economy.
Prior to the founding of the Federal Reserve in 1913, the US was able to evict itself from all the panics (recessions/depression) with little or no govt. intervention.
The economic history subsequent to 1913 does not reflect too well on the success of the Federal Reserve; more often they have made things worse. Of course, our inept politicians also have - for the most part - screwed things up royally.

Our next deep recession is around the corner with the institution of "cap and trade," which, like $4 /gallon gasoline will literally shut down the economy.
Obama - the millionaire, and his uber-rich liberal demokrat millionaire pals - will be immune to the economic hardships they will cause. Like most politicians, they could give a rat's ass if they screw the folks as long as their policies they enact make them feel superior/better/smarter. Just as FDR screwed over the average American from pre-WWII (33-41), he did not care because he too was a millionaire and was insulated from the suffering he foisted on the average American.
Idealogy trumps everything.
Today the FED has learned from the Great Depression that a shrinking money supply will create deflation and a bad recession (or depression). So they are printing money like crazy.
This will end very badly.
The FED , upon the first whiff of recovery or inflation will attempt to "slow down" the economy by raising short term rates (the only rates they truly can affect), which will depress economic activity.
The Congress will not permit this and pressure the FED to maintain low interest rates and ample money supply.
This movie has been seen many times before and it always end badly.
Keynesian economics ranks right up there with astrology; the lessons of Weimar and Argentina mean nothing to them.
Monetarists have turned into a science the common sense notion that if credit is not available - for whatever reason (say, lack of money) then business will contract.
Keynesians insist that savings and investment lead to recession /depression ; a notion that defies all common sense.
Keynesians insist that you can spend your way - via the credit card - into prosperity , despite the historical evidence of the contrary.
Politicians love economics because it gives them the intellectual excuse to be able to screw up and destroy the lives of ordinary folks and, thus, amass more power.

Claire Solt| 4.19.09 @ 1:46AM

I see a lot of careless malinvestment. We propper up five too big to fail banks and would surely have been better off to spread our depoisit amont the 8,000 which did not gpogre on bad investments. Likewise we will invest a lot in wind and solar that is not economic instead of holding out for the breakthrough that will be.

Trackback| 4.20.09 @ 9:40AM

Atlanta news, on Atlanta news, links to this page. Here’s an excerpt:

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swer| 4.22.10 @ 12:04AM

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Getting the Hydra Scale

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Getting Hercules to Help You

Hercules won’t help you until you have all five items from Zeus’ quest. Once you have the five items, bring them to Athena. Zeus will appear and steal them. The big jerk! Once this happens, talk to Athena and she will tell you that Hercules will help you.ArenaBetting.com dukung fair play FIFA world cup AFSEL 2010 You’ll need to have the magic mirror from Aphrodite because Hercules doesn’t want to have to walk. He’s so lazy!
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You can see how to do this in the videos, but basically you need to jump up when the Hydra is about to strike. He will rear one of his heads back to attack and his eyes will bulge out. When this happens, jump up in the air and then try to land on top of his head. That head will get knocked out. When all five heads get knocked out, the Hydra will be asleep and you can click on him to get one of the scales.Poptropica

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